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C3-R® Can Help RK Patients

RK (radial keratotomy) is the procedure that makes tiny slits in the cornea to flatten it to treat nearsightedness.  If you had RK, you probably already know that. 

Some patients unfortunately suffer from fluctations in their vision as a result of the RK.  The vision in the morning may be quite blurred and take several hours to become more clear up.  Sometimes it just never gets clear.

Other patients may need different pairs of glasses to keep up with the eyesight changes throughout the day.

RK can cause the cornea to unintentionally overly flatten over the years which makes the eyesight weaker and weaker, requiring stronger and stronger glasses prescriptions.

The good news is there's a non-invasive treatment C3-R® (corneal collagen cross-linking riboflavin) treatment the has been proven to strengthen the weak corneal structure in RK and keratoconus. In his preliminary study in patients who had RK, C3-R appeared to stabilize progressive farsightedness (hyperopia) changes and reduced visual fluctuations during the day. (see Presentation and Research Articles link ).

This method works by increasing collagen cross-linking, which are the natural "anchors" within the cornea. These anchors are responsible for holding the shape of the cornea and keeping vision stable.  RK cuts those fibers and can weaken the cornea leading to the vision problems your having from RK.

The figures above show the parallel corneal layers (white) and the collagen cross-linking (red) which are increased after C3-R® treatment.

During the 30-minute, in-office treatment, custom-made riboflavin eyedrops are applied to the cornea, which are then activated by a special light. This is the process that has been shown in laboratory and clinical studies to increase the amount of collagen cross-linking in the cornea and strengthen the cornea. In published studies, such treatments were proven safe and effective in patients.

Dr. Boxer Wachler invented the non-invasive C3-R® procedure that does not remove (scrape off) the surface epithelium as is done often. This non-invasive approach saves patients from significant discomfort (often pain) and increased blurred vision during the first week that would otherwise occur with removal of the epithelium (it requires about a week for the epithelium to heal back once it is scraped off).

Eye physician’s in Germany performed the initial studies of collagen crosslinking to strengthen the cornea. They reported results of treatments done as long ago as 1998, so there is a good track record for this procedure. Links to these research publications can be found to the left side of this page. It is important to note in these studies that the proper dosages of the components are a very important part of the treatment. When used properly, there were no negative effects.


Dr. Boxer Wachler is credited as the first doctor in North America to use C3-R® treatments for keratoconus as well as being the first doctor in the world to stabilize RK with C3-R ®.

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Copyright© Advanced Vision Education, Inc., 2008

This website is designed to provide general information about vision, vision care and vision correction. It is not intended to provide medical advice. If you suspect that you have a vision problem or a condition that requires attention, consult an eyecare professional for advice on the treatment of your own specific condition and for your own particular needs.

Brian S. Boxer Wachler, M.D. - 465 N. Roxbury Drive, Suite 902 - Beverly Hills, CA 90210 - 310.860.1900
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